Nightmares :: essays research papers

Nightmares   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Usually when you end up drifting off to sleep, you fall into a deep sleep and begin to experience a so called dream.† However, most children, and even some adults, experience some even more terrifying so called dreams. These dreams are called nightmares. Nightmares have been occurring in people’s sleep for hundreds of years. People have been interested in them for centuries and they have quite an interesting past to them. People used to believe that the dream anxiety attack was caused by a demon pressing up against a person’s chest during their sleep. They were even considered as a form of black magic, evil affiliation, and even sometimes possession. The sleep cycle comes in a multi-stage cycle. All in all there are five cycles. The first four of the stages is where there is non-rapid eye movement (NREM). As the fifth stage occurs, that is where rapid eyes moment (REM) happens. Nightmares almost always occur in the second half of a persons sleep and it is always followed with an awakening of the individual even if the person doesn’t remember waking up during the night. Nine times out of ten, when people’s brain can’t handle what is going on during the rapid eye movement stage, they wake up very panically and are also very aware of their surroundings. Nightmares are mostly referred to as being a younger persons trouble but you will find that a lot of adults have the problem of nightmares also. The children’s nightmare is very different than the adult’s because the adult’s nightmare is based on the persons fears such as being chased or attacked. The children’s nightmare is more of a fantasy nightmare. Anyone that has a high fever before they go to bed is more likely to suffer from a nightmare. Rapid eye movement will usually wake a person up if they can sense that something bad is going to happen. Most of the time when one has a nightmare, will wake up right before some really bad will happen. the most popular nightmare is when you are actually falling from something that is very high up in the air. It always ends by you waking up right before you are about to hit the ground. It is been proved that no matter how many nightmares that one person will have, not one single nightmare will be exactly the same as any of the others.

Organizational Case Study: British Broadcasting Corporation Essay

Quality broadcasting does not constantly keep pace with traditional broadcasting and this duty, to make available to the masses with what is conceivably necessary rather than miscellaneous, stays at the core of public service broadcasting. As a result, funding is more often than not gained from taxation, contributions, state subventions, consenting to the importance to be on the esteem to society rather than audience ratings. But in an era of digitization and media junction, the radio and television audience is hastily turning into more broadly detached within a new-fangled multi-media, multi-channel setting. Cable television, for instance, which is designed to target consumers not only by age and gender demographics, but by lifestyle, as well, also paved a broader global reach for the British Broadcasting Corporation (Bae, 2000). According to its website, â€Å"The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC, also informally known as the Beeb or Auntie), founded in 1922, is the largest broadcasting corporation in the world. It produces programs and information services, broadcasting on television, radio, and the Internet. The stated mission of the BBC is ‘to inform, educate and entertain,’ and the motto of the BBC is ‘Nation Shall Speak Peace Unto Nation’† (â€Å"British Broadcasting Corporation†). This way, the British Broadcasting Corporation also reflects the British touch of culture and heritage with entertainment, music, events, and news that are relevant to identifiable chunks of the larger Western marketplace. Entertainment is indigenous to specific European migrants across the globe, and that resonates in the programming of this format also. The local shows are an integral part of the station’s defined lifestyle and are perceived by viewers as communicating directly to them. When the programs and documentaries broadcasted on BBC are delivered in a style that reflects the station’s format, and the message is relevant to the English viewers’ culture and heritage, there is a strong, personal connection. The cultural affinity is felt; Western identity coagulates (Ewing and Meissner, 2004). The body of research in this paper identifies the theories, concepts, and studies that were used in the study. It points to the need to gain a greater understanding of the productivity variables, modern-day trends, and operations management carried out by a non-profit, public service-oriented media organization as the British Broadcasting Corporation (Shockley-Zalabak, (2008). Leading in program production worldwide, the BBC presents entertainment and media services to a wide-reaching audience through television, radio, and Web-based machineries. As a component of its allegiance to expend a large chunk of its returns on services and programs, the BBC required to find means of condensing its administrative overheads and financial dispensation (Bae, 2000). Some people say that television news stations seem more interested in capturing viewer interest and ratings than reporting the most significant events of the day. It is easy for viewers to forget that networks are in the business of making money first then attempting to keep the public well informed with quality news broadcasting (Bae, 2000). But BBC is a Public Service Broadcasting Company. Disengagement from the British government and vested interests implies that the British Broadcasting Corporation can tender a dispassionate and evenhanded standpoint, principally in the sphere of journalism. Whether the organization is strictly unbiased is challenging to gauge. Some critics claim that there is a middle-class partiality given that the BBC’s founding ideals are anchored in the purportedly middle-class philosophy of cultivating the unschooled masses (Ewing and Meissner, 2004). What sets the British Broadcasting Corporation apart from other multimedia networks is its non-commercial business approach. In any case, there is the danger of having violence bulletins being found incredible at times with the flood of commercials punctuating the program. This is because of the capitalist theory of molding the news as per price of the news. Professor Justin Lewis of Cardiff University cites an instance when commercial pressures have influenced news output. Local news broadcasting in the US is commercially successful, and research studies show that crime stories consistently draw the largest audiences. â€Å"Suddenly there seemed to be a crime wave across the US,† says Lewis. â€Å"But crime figures were actually decreasing. Of course if you ask the public, they would tell you crime is increasing. It was a product of news being a product† (Kimball, 1994). But as far as BBC is concerned, the excitement is not as easily drawn from the viewers themselves, because of their clear-cut delivery of the news, not necessarily the subject. After all, recent surveys speak of the majority of the U. S. adult population as skeptical about the news and information programming on public broadcasting being biased. The plurality of Americans indicate that there is no apparent bias one way or the other, while approximately one-in-five detect a liberal bias and approximately one-in-ten detect a conservative bias (Newhagen and Reeves, 1992). And with the absence of war and administration news in BBC, it can be a one-headache-less day of an assiduous week. Making devolution of media services work begin with the British Broadcasting Corporation officials assuming a more assertive role as institution managers for â€Å"morale, welfare and recreation† delivery (â€Å"British Broadcasting Corporation†). There is no doubt that the British Broadcasting Corporation does face a large set of variables as it takes place over different countries and it does act in different environments. One of the most determinant environments to the success of the British Broadcasting Corporation is culture, which holds the reason for many human acts and behavior. Reaching to that point the British Broadcasting Corporation management should study deeply culture treaties of a country the media company is planning to act in so that special amendments in the organization overall plans and actions is made to act in accordance with the new market variables (Shockley-Zalabak, (2008). Like any organization, the British Broadcasting Corporation has its own history of success, which reinforces and strengthens the organization’s way of doing things. The older and more successful the organization, the stronger its culture, its nature, its identity becomes. They are communities of people with a mission, not machines. The basic nature of a living social organism is naturally more fundamental, deeper in the hierarchy, and therefore much more powerful than business work processes, financial systems, business strategy, vision, supply chains, information technology, marketing plans, team behavior, or corporate governance (â€Å"British Broadcasting Corporation†). In recent years, the British Broadcasting Corporation board has reviewed its interest in analyzing the operations’ accomplishments. The success experienced by the British Broadcasting Corporation is to a great extent attributed to a prospect of redesigning its operations to establish more Public Broadcasting Service stations throughout the world emanating from its local offices in Glasgow, Southampton, Newcastle, Birmingham, Cardiff, Belfast, Bristol, and Manchester (â€Å"British Broadcasting Corporation†). The literature evokes that the development of global culture rapid changes in technology in the last several decades has changed the nature of culture and cultural exchange. People around the world can make economic transactions and transmit information to each other almost instantaneously through the use of computers, satellite communications, and the mass media like the British Broadcasting Corporation (Shockley-Zalabak, 2008). Governments and corporations have gained vast amounts of political power through military might and economic influence (Ewing and Meissner, 2004). Corporations such as the British Broadcasting Corporation have also created a form of global culture based on worldwide commercial markets. Local culture and social structure are now shaped by large and powerful commercial interests in ways that earlier anthropologists could not have imagined.

The American Dream In The New Colossus - 716 Words

Travel back to June 17, 1885. It is a summer New York day, and the statue of liberty has just arrived on American grounds. The lady herself was a gift from the French to the United States as a sign of friendship. However, on the bottom of the statue, there is a plaque with a poem. This poem is known as â€Å"The New Colossus,† By Emma Lazarus. â€Å"The New Colossus† set a foundation for what the United States morals were built on. One might argue if Americans should still abide to this poem. Though it has been roughly 130 years since the statue landed on the New York shores, Americans should still follow the poem’s example today. We should continue to follow the words stated at the base of the Statue of Liberty because it is an example of American†¦show more content†¦There are also many shops and businesses that have been brought to use through immigration. Numerous immigrant have left their touch on America, that some might even say we take for grante d the teeming amount of cultural influences America has. This country’s foundation is built on America opening its arms to people around the world. â€Å"From her beacon-hand, glows a world-wide welcome, her mild eyes command,† (The New Colossal), As stated in paragraph 1, â€Å"The New Colossus† was written roughly 130 years ago. For 130 years, America has been striving to meet the expectations of â€Å"The New Colossal.† Though there have been many complications and obstacles that come year to year, this country will ultimately continue better the way it welcomes immigrants. When you look at a timeline, you can see that many civilizations around the world are hundreds and even thousands of years older than America. In the words of Anna Lee, â€Å"America is having an identity crisis.† This country is so new and fresh. Similarly, like a young teenager, we don’t know who we are meant to be. 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